FORMAÇÃO E ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE DE LICENCIADOS EM MÚSICA: O CONTEXTO DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Abstract

The present work has as general objective to analyze the teaching activity of teachers of Music of Basic Education in the State of Paraná, problematizing the relationship between formation and practice and considering the public policies for the teaching of Art and Music in the educational reality of capitalist society. As specific objectives were defined: to analyze, through the curricula, the proposals of teacher training of courses of Music Teaching of State Universities at Paraná State; Analyze how graduates evaluate their training; To investigate in what way the teaching practice of the graduates has been constituted, specifically in the schools of Basic Education; To deepen studies on the potential of humanization through Art from the explanation of Marxian concepts. The research is based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of historical and dialectical materialism, with Marx, Engels, Lukács and Vázquez as the main authors, as well as the works of Lessa, Tonet, Martins, Moraes, Saviani and Pimenta, which support the theoretical-empirical analyzes and seek to understand the object in the face of the broader conditioning of society. The particularities of Art and Music education are discussed based on the researches of Penna, Subtil, Peixoto, Figueiredo, França and others. The field of research was delimited to four Music Teaching courses of state universities of Paraná - Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná (EMBAP), Faculdade de Artes do Paraná (FAP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) e Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). The data are composed of documentary sources, represented by the political-pedagogical projects of the Music Teaching courses investigated and graduated from the courses, acting as teachers in Basic Education in the following modalities: Art Discipline; Discipline of Music and Music Project. The data were collected through an open questionnaire. From the data, the analysis argues that the educational policies, training in Music teaching courses and teachers' teaching practice ultimately respond to the imperatives of the market and capital. The research indicates that teacher training and practice have been appropriate elements oriented to utilitarianism and pragmatism and postmodern elaborations, which also reflects the theoretical appropriations carried out by the field of Music Education in general. Such findings show that Teacher Training courses lack broader sociohistorical theories that support the artistic, aesthetic and pedagogical interpretation of the students. In this perspective, the courses need to be understood as a mediation element for the elevation of the teacher's training and teaching practice to the condition of teaching praxis and as spaces of resistance and political formation, based on the conscience of práxis. It is from the dialectical relation between the singularity of Music, the particularity of the training courses and the universality of the Art, having as mediator the praxis, that the research argues about the possibility of concrete advances for the area of Music education.