ESTUDO TERMOANALÍTICO, REOLÓGICO E ESTRUTURAL DE AMIDO DE TRIGO MODIFICADO POR UMIDADE E TEMPERATURA CONTROLADAS (HMT)

Abstract

Cereals have an important role in human nutrition. Wheat is one of the most cultivated and consumed cereals in the world being used in the preparation of the enormous diversity of products. The wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid is obligatory in Brazil in according with current legislation. Starch is a reserve polysaccharide of vegetable consisting essentially of amylose and amylopectin. It is a matter abundant and replaceable material being the main source of carbohydrate in diet human. Starches in their native form have limited features for industrial use so it is important modification aiming to acquire improved stability, rheological properties, paste, gel texture, water retention, among others. The chemical modification, still very used, is not considered as safe a one way of modification, so the physical modification is well regarded by food industry. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) in starch is considered a natural method and is conducted with a moisture content of 30% and a maximum temperature of 120 ° C. Were studied native wheat and modified starches with presence and absence of folic acid and iron, by HMT at 121 °C for a period of 1 hour. The effects of HMT were studied using the following techniques: thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (DRX), atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM), rapid visco analysis (RVA), the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FEAA) and reflectance photocolorimetry. From the TG and DTG curves was observed that for the physically treated starches, the values of weight loss for starch in the presence of folic acid iron in the first and third stages decreased and the second increased as increased moisture. The DSC, modified starches, the temperatures at which the event occurred and the enthalpy of gelatinization decreased and the higher the moisture treatment was lower enthalpy. All starches showed bimodal distribution and irregularities in the micro-images of AFM with changes in average diameter and roughness, after physical modification. For all starches DRX peaks did not undergo pronounced displacement, however there was a decrease in crystallinity after modification. All starches showed high paste temperature and low peak viscosity. Was determined absence iron concentration to starch without folic acid and iron and little change for the presence of starch with these nutrients. With respect to color analysis for all samples studied, there was little variation in color between them, with causing a trend mainly to yellow after modification.