A EDUCAÇÃO E OS ESCRAVOS NAS PÁGINAS DO JORNAL “DEZENOVE DE DEZEMBRO” (1871 - 1888)

Abstract

This paper refers to a Master's thesis from the Education Post-Graduate Program in UEPG. The research presents a study that investigated education and slaves at the end of the Empire in Brazil, specifically in the Province of Paraná, by using as primary source the newspaper “December Nineteenth”, which had been published in Curitiba-PR. The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between political, economic and social interests, and the slaves’ education in Paraná, based on the newspaper publications in 1871, 1885 and 1888. Specifically, we sought to examine the Provincial historical moment in Paraná and highlight slavery and the press; to investigate the ways slavery had been approached in “December Nineteenth” and also analyze the presence of liberal ideas in its publications. We have delimited the years there had proclaimed the latest laws related to the end of slavery: the “Free Womb Law”, the “Sexagenarian Law” and the “Golden Law”. We have selected “December Nineteenth” because it was the first newspaper officially produced in Paraná, and because it had been part of Paraná Province’s history since their emancipation until the end of the Empire. This study has been grounded by Historical Materialism, and its analytical categories were: State, Labor and Education. The methodological procedures were: literature review; survey of primary sources in the Paraná Public Library, Paraná Museum and Digital Brazilian Hemeroteca; selection of publications which were related to the subject and analysis of the selected material. The text has been divided into three chapters: the first one approaches press situation in provincial Paraná and also the slavery in that context; next it addresses more directly the “December Nineteenth” and the presence of black slaves in its publications; finally, in the text, we discuss the presence of liberal ideas in the newspaper publications, as well as education at that time and how it was presented in the journal. We have concluded that the “December Nineteenth” collaborated for spreading the freedom idea, however its pages had been permeated by liberal ideals, which aimed at capitalism effectuation in Brazil, because we couldn’t find any concern about the black people situation, even slaves or free, much less about schooling them.