Educação do campo: desafios para implementação de uma política educacional das escolas do campo

Abstract

This study focused on the Field education, more specifically the rural school. To investigate the objective conditions that enhance or hamper the implementation of educational policies, which are in the documents that guide field education, was the main aim of this research. The discussions addressed in the Operational Guidelines for the Rural Schools Basic Education (2002) and the Field Education Curriculum Guidelines in Paraná State (2010) were taken into account. The investigation consisted of a qualitative, exploratory and documental study. The categories of analysis originated in the main documents that base the field education policies. A questionnaire was applied to teachers, pedagogical coordinator and principal in a school located in the rural area, aiming to collect data on teachers’ knowledge regarding the documents produced by the State which guide field education, teachers qualification and continuous development, transport and school infrastructure. The dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the structural characteristics of the Brazilian society and the historical fight for land in Brazil, emphasizing the Landless Rural Workers Movement, based on the following authors: Ribeiro (1995), Morissawa (2001), Caldart (2004), Stedile and Fernandes (2005) and Souza (2006). The second chapter approaches the role of the State in the construction of field educational policies, the concept of State and the impact of government programs and projects linked to the rural people education, the theoretical background comprises: Calazans (1993), Leite (1999), Caldart (2004), Munarim (2008), Souza (2010), Montaño and Duriguetto (2011), and Gramsci (2011). The third chapter contextualizes the research, organizes and discusses empirical data. It is based on Freitas (2005), Duarte (2006), Melo; Moro and Guimarães (2007), Severino (2007), Souza (2011), Gandin (2011). The study revealed that there is still a long way to go before a real field education project is built, one which considers the singularities and the reality of the rural people. It is necessary also that the whole school community, parents, students, teachers, pedagogical coordinators, directors become more aware of the educational policies as a whole, so that these can be implemented or demanded by the civil society from the State. The final considerations acknowledge the importance of the individuals who live in the field to take responsibility and commit themselves with field education, trying not to treat it as a relative matter or fragment the fight for education as a means of social transformation.