CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM DE PROFESSORES DE ARTES VISUAIS

Abstract

This study presents an analysis of learning evaluation conceptions of teachers of Arts who graduated at the Visual Arts teaching course at the Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa – UEPG. The objective of this research was to analyze the learning evaluation conceptions which permeate the teaching practices of Arts teachers who work with the 8th and 9th years of elementary school, in public schools in the city of Ponta Grossa-PR. Specific objectives were: a) to identify the Arts teachers’ conceptions of learning evaluation; b) to verify whether objectives, criteria and evaluation tools used by the teachers in the evaluation practices are in agreement with their evaluation conceptions. The study was carried out based on a qualitative approach, study case, and the methodological procedures employed for data collection were: questionnaire, observation and interview. Data collected through questionnaires was organized and analyzed under the light of the Discourse of the Collective Subject – DCS, developed by Lefèvre and Lefèvre (2005), and generated DCS about conceptions and evaluation practices of the teachers who took part in the study. Classroom observations and interviews with the Arts teachers were transcribed and categorized according to the concepts of the theoretical background adopted. The historical and philosophical bases of Arts and educational evaluation were approached through the following authors: Osborne (1968), Langer (1971), Aranha and Martins (2005, 2009), Dias Sobrinho (2004) and Rodrigues (1995); on the concepts of field and habitus, Bourdieu (1998, 2007) were surveyed, as well as authors who discuss education and learning evaluation such as Saviani (1991, 2002, 2008), Mizukami (1986), Luckesi (2005, 2011), Libâneo (2005), Barbosa (1998 a 2011), Fusari and Ferraz (1999, 2001) and Hernández (2000), amongst others. Results of the study indicated that: a) Visual arts teachers are aware that Arts learning evaluation which is carried out in formative way is more suitable; b) the conception of learning evaluation present in teachers’ pedagogical practices in the schools under study revealed the existence of two evaluation postures. The first one showed that the learning evaluation is understood as a control, comparison and measurement mechanism, that is, it is a traditional, rationalist conception. The Arts teacher uses the learning evaluation as a discipline and power mechanism and the focus of evaluation is on disciplining students’ behavior rather than taking notice of the knowledge built by the student. The second posture showed that the learning evaluation is based on the formative perspective and the Arts teachers use the evaluation integrated to teaching and learning activities; c) it was also seen in the observations that the objectives, tools and evaluation criteria, when defined, are in agreement with the teacher and school evaluation conceptions; and, finally, it was observed that Arts in elementary school is still considered an accessory subject in the school curriculum rather than an area of knowledge, by most people in schools.