MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS DE CORREÇÃO DA ACIDEZ DO SOLO E DE ADUBAÇÃO PARA O FEIJOEIRO, POR MEIO DO USO DE CALXISTO, CAMA DE AVIÁRIO, FOSFATO NATURAL E INOCULANTE NATURAL

Abstract

The use of industrial waste in agriculture is being provided as a sustainable alternative to minimize environmental liabilities. In order to study the feasibility of using calxisto (disposal of mining) as corrective of soil acidity compared to lime, and organic and mineral fertilizers in the presence of natural inoculant for the production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a dystrophic clayey Haplic Cambisol in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in pots of 5 dm3 in two consecutive sowing. A randomized complete block design in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 scheme was used with a control and five replications. The treatments were: T1: control; T2: Calxisto + poultry litter + rock phosphate + natural inoculant; T3: Calxisto + poultry litter + rock phosphate; T4: Lime + poultry litter + rock phosphate + natural inoculant; T5: Lime + poultry litter + rock phosphate; T6: NPK + Calxisto + natural inoculant; T7: Calxisto + NPK; T8: Lime + NPK + natural inoculant; and T9: Lime + NPK. The common bean cultivar used was Graúna IPR 113. We evaluated the soil chemical attributes, grain yield and components of production: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, and weight of 100 grains. The levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in the grains were determined after harvest. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, excluding the control treatment because of plants weak development in natural soil conditions. The results showed that the use of calxisto may be an alternative to replace the lime for the soil acidity control, as soon as the application of this product increased the soil base saturation to 64%, close to the calculated value of 70%, recommended for the common bean crop. The substitution of NPK mineral fertilizers by poultry litter + rock phosphate did not impair the grain yield of common bean. Higher content of S in the grains was obtained with calxisto than lime application, only the first crop of beans. The residual effect of fertilization with poultry litter + rock phosphate was higher than with NPK mineral on the concentration of N, K, and S in the grains. However, the mineral fertilization with NPK provided a higher residual effect than with poultry litter + rock phosphate on the common bean yield due to better utilization of P by the plants. Natural inoculant application caused no significant changes in soil chemical attributes, but it caused an increase in mass of 100 grains and concentration of N in the grains at the first crop of common bean.