SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ORTOFOSFATOS DE CÁLCIO DOPADOS COM NIÓBIO (V) POR MEIO DA ROTA HIDROTÉRMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DE CITOCOMPATIBILIDADE

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain potential biomaterials synthesized through hydrothermal reaction between monohydrated calcium ethanoate and the anhydrous ammonium monophosphate with addition of 57.6, 288 and 576 ppm niobium ion precursor (V), the ammonium niobate oxo-tris (oxalate) niobium complex and trihydrated hydrogen that so far has not been often used in biomaterial synthesis. In such an area of increasing innovations, this addition enables to obtain calcium orthophosphates with new perspectives in the biomaterial field in relation to the characteristics of morphological and structural biocompatibility. The synthesis was carried out at temperatures ranging from 100 to 200°C for 24 hours with the use of diaminomethanal to control the precipitation pH and the 2-hydroxy-1,2,3 propano tricarboxylic monohydrated as a regulator of the synthesis initial pH and as a chelating agent for the metallic ions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the phases formed in the samples, and these phases were confirmed through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spepctroscopy (RS). The scanning electronic microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive energy (SEM-XDE) and, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were employed to visualize the format of the particles and map the elements present while the laser diffraction granulometric analysis (GDL) and dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS) characterized the distribution of particle sizes. Thermal analysis (TG and DTA) were carried out to verify the thermal behavior and the chemical composition was determined through X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The sample roughness was evaluated through the atomic force microscopy technique (AFM). These materials were submitted to toxicity tests through tests with the Tripan blue dye, MTT reduction measurement and, neutral red dye uptake measurement in order to characterize it initially as a biomaterial. Results obtained in this study enable to conclude that the predominant phase in the samples is the hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH. The increase in the addition of niobium ions precursor (V) from 228 ppm on provokes the appearance of minority phases of niobium compounds and the same precursor affects the morphology and growth of particles originating flower like agglomerates also known as self-structured, and these agglomerates are mainly round with micrometric dimensions formed by nanometric crystallites. The samples kept thermal stability up to 1000°C without forming other calcium orthophosphates besides the hydroxyapatite. The presence of niobium ions (V) was identified in all added samples. The citoxicity of samples could be confirmed by the results of in vitro tests which presented reasonable results enabling other biocompatibiliity characterizations to be carried out to define the use of the samples obtained as biomaterial.