Investigação etnofarmacológica de Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae)

Abstract

Piper amalago L., popularly known as pariparoba and jaborandi-manso, has been widely used in traditional medicine as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antihypertensive and healing. The main chemical groups present in the species are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. The objective was to test the in vitro cytotoxicity, cardiovascular effects, and toxicity of aqueous, hydroalcoholic and essential oil extracts in rats. As well as determining the chemical profile of these extracts. In the essential oil, through GC-MS, the majority compounds were bicyclogermacrene (10.52%), spathulenol (8.9%), β-phellandrene (7.8%), and αpinene (5.88%). The chemical analysis of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was performed in HPLC-MS/MS, and the suggested compounds cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid, 2-methoxy-4,5-methylene-trans-cinamolisobutylamide, N- [7- (3,4methylenedioxyphenyl) -2Z, 4Z-heptadienoic] pyrrolidine, di-O-hexoside, guinensine, vitexin and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside. The hydroalcoholic extracts and essential oil showed cytotoxicity for the murine melanoma tumor line B16F10 (IC50 of 104.31 ± 28.67 and 221.08 ± 113.73 μg/mL). Both extracts and the essential oil didn’t show toxicity up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Acute and prolonged diuretic activity at doses of 30 and 300 mg/kg were verified in the 3 samples tested. The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, as well as the essential oil were not able to promote hypotensive effects. Likewise, the electrocardiogram showed no differences between all experimental groups, however, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract obtained significant results for the redox state. The hydroalcoholic extract showed vasodilating action in concentrations 0.3, 1 and 3 nmol/L in isolated vascular mesenteric bed, however when tested against drugs to determine the mechanism of action, the results were not significant.