Hidroxiapatita associada a gentamicina: um estudo da influencia da gelatina no meio da precipitação e do processo de secagem na inibição do crescimento bacteriano

Abstract

Several studies have demonstrated that hydroxyapatite outstands amongst bioceramics, since it presents excellent biocompatibility with human bone mineral phase, stoichiometric formula (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ), with Ca/P ratio equal 1,67. It also has the capability of bonding chemically with the tissue, which makes it a bioactive material. Despite the structure and properties of bone tissue representing one of the major fields of study, nowadays the interest is in the possibility of incorporating drugs to such biomaterials. In this work, HA and HA:Gel composites were prepared through the precipitation method, which consisted of the mixture of a Ca(OH)2 (2 mol.L-1 ) solution to a H3PO4 (1,2 mol.L-1) solution, in constant agitation, heating and pH control. The precipitate obtained were put to age for a day and later one part of them was dried in oven at 100ºC and another part lyophilized for 48 hours. Powders were then sieved, calcined and had gentamicin sulfate (C21H43N5O7.2,5H2SO4) added to them in 0,25, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0% in mass concentrations. These powders were characterized through: infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), granulometric analyses, specific superficial area by the BET method, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG). In all samples analyzed, the mineral part was characterized as carbonated hydroxyapatite. It was observed that the morphology and crystal size are influenced by the drying method and gelatin addition. The Ca/P ratio found was above the desired one for the stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. Through the SEM and TEM analysis, the presence of agglomerates, characteristic to apatites was noticed. The samples microbiological activity evaluation with saliva, with 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0% gentamicin sulfate in mass resulted in UFC equal zero, and samples with 0,25% of the same drug in mass presented sharp decrease in the colonies development, however, only the HA:Gel dried in oven, the UFC remained equal zero. Microbiological analysis results confirm the antibiotic inhibitor action when impregnating the hydroxyapatite.